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What (who) is fuzzy equivalence - definition

SYSTEM FOR REASONING ABOUT VAGUENESS

Fuzzy Logic; Fuzzy logician; Formal fuzzy logic; Fuzzy transportation; Fuzzy Transportation; Fuzzy logics; Fuzzy databases; Applications of fuzzy logic; Compensatory fuzzy logic; Fuzzy inference; Fuzzy inference system; Linguistic variable (fuzzy logic); Zadeh operator; Fuzzy Turing machine; Fuzzy database; Fuzzy relational database; Propositional fuzzy logic; Gödel fuzzy logic; Product fuzzy logic; Probability and fuzzy logic; Fuzzy logic and probability

fuzzy subset

SETS WHOSE ELEMENTS HAVE DEGREES OF MEMBERSHIP

Fuzzy sets; Fuzzy set theory; Fuzzification; Fuzzy subset; Credibility(fuzzy); Fuzzy category; Goguen category; Fuzzy Sets; Fuzzy relation equation; Pythagorean fuzzy set; Degree of membership; Uncertain set

In fuzzy logic, a fuzzy subset F of a set S is defined by a "membership function" which gives the degree of membership of each element of S belonging to F.

Weak equivalence (homotopy theory)

MAP THAT INDUCES ISOMORPHISMS IN ALL HOMOTOPY GROUPS

Weak homotopy equivalence; Weak equivalence (mathematics)

In mathematics, a weak equivalence is a notion from homotopy theory that in some sense identifies objects that have the same "shape". This notion is formalized in the axiomatic definition of a model category.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_equivalence_(homotopy_theory)

Ricardian equivalence

ECONOMIC THEORY

Ricardian proposition; Ricardan equivalence hypothesis; Barro-Ricardo theorem; Barro-Ricardo equivalence; Ricardian Equivalence; Ricardan Equivalence Hypothesis; Ricardian theory of rent; Ricardian equivalence theorem; Barro–Ricardo equivalence; Barro–Ricardo equivalence theorem; Barro-Ricardo equivalence theorem

The Ricardian equivalence proposition (also known as the Ricardo–de Viti–Barro equivalence theorem) is an economic hypothesis holding that consumers are forward-looking and so internalize the government's budget constraint when making their consumption decisions. This leads to the result that, for a given pattern of government spending, the method of financing such spending does not affect agents' consumption decisions, and thus, it does not change aggregate demand.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardian_equivalence

Wikipedia

Fuzzy logic

Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth value of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. It is employed to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely false. By contrast, in Boolean logic, the truth values of variables may only be the integer values 0 or 1.

The term fuzzy logic was introduced with the 1965 proposal of fuzzy set theory by Iranian Azerbaijani mathematician Lotfi Zadeh. Fuzzy logic had, however, been studied since the 1920s, as infinite-valued logic—notably by Łukasiewicz and Tarski.

Fuzzy logic is based on the observation that people make decisions based on imprecise and non-numerical information. Fuzzy models or fuzzy sets are mathematical means of representing vagueness and imprecise information (hence the term fuzzy). These models have the capability of recognising, representing, manipulating, interpreting, and using data and information that are vague and lack certainty.

Fuzzy logic has been applied to many fields, from control theory to artificial intelligence.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy logic